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T O P I C     R E V I E W rittels I am preparing a paper on Tanning and I am hoping some of the experts out there can help me verify some information. I need to know - At what PH ideally does a vegetable extract (like Quebracho) "fix"? What happens if the PH is too high or too low (both scenarios) - and is a vegetable extract considered Anionic or Cationic? I also need the same info concerning an Aldehyde Tanning agent such as BASF's Regulan GTW or Union's Gluteraldehyde. At what PH does it "fix", what happens when the PH is too high or too low, and are they considered Anionic or Cationic. Geoff H Dear Rittels, The product literature for GTW states that it is a modified glutaraldehyde solution of neutral pH. The product is not specified as anionic or cationic, but is suggested as being compatible with both, on testing. The best fixation is carried out in retanning after neutralisation at a pH of at least 4.5-5.0, and in tanning at a pH of 6.0-7.0. Some yellowing may occur at pH's below 4.0, and it's likely that fixation will be rapid at pH's above 7.0 leading to coarse-grain. The product imporves softness, fullness and tensile strength. Regards, Geoff H

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